Abstract. In the last decade, preimplantation genetic testing (preimplantation genetic diagnosis [PGD] and preimplantation genetic screening [PGS]) have become widely used and in 2005 constituted 5 percent of all in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles performed in Europe. Their diffusion, however, is not homogenous; while in some countries they are prohibited and in others hardly implemented, Spain…

Abstract. The SCImago Institutions Rankings (SIR) World Reports are published annually. These reports contain an international ranking of more than 2000 research institutions and organizations. The indicator values are based on publication and citation data from Scopus (Elsevier) for research-devoted institutions with at least 100 papers published within the year under study.

Abstract. This paper reports data from semi-structured interviews on how 26 Australian civil servants, ministers and ministerial advisors find and evaluate researchers with whom they wish to consult or collaborate. Policymakers valued researchers who had credibility across the three attributes seen as contributing to trustworthiness: competence (an exemplary academic reputation…

Abstract. Although Spain is ranked 10th in scientific production, it is 22nd in impact. The distribution of scientific production across the 17 Spanish regions is analyzed. Madrid and Catalonia account for 49% of total production and for 58% of excellence as reflected in impact, defined as publications within the 10% most cited worldwide.

Abstract. Domestic citation to papers from the same country and the greater citation impact of documents involving international collaboration are two phenomena that have been extensively studied and contrasted. Here, however, we show that it is not so much a national bias, but that papers have a greater impact on their immediate environments, an impact that is diluted as that environment grows.…

Abstract. Governments continue to play a central role in the way research is conducted and organized by defining new models for research centers. How do existing research centers adapt to changes in their environment? Institutional theory suggests that organizations pursue efficiency and legitimacy by conforming to isomorphic pressures in their organizational field, which will eventually lead to…

Abstract. This paper presents a choice experiment analyzing the consumers' preferences towards a policy for replacing conventional electricity with electricity generated from forest biomass. The results show that consumers specially prefer the effects related to the lower risk of forest fires and to the decrease in pressure on non-renewable resources. The article also presents a methodological…

Abstract. Dynamic efficiency has received much less attention than the effectiveness and static efficiency criteria to assess policies to support electricity from renewable energy sources (RES-E). On the other hand, the literature on RES-E support shows that the choice of design elements within RES-E support instruments is at least as important to successfully promote RES-E as the choice of…

Abstract
Purpose
Gene term variation is a shortcoming in text‐mining applications based on biomedical literature‐based knowledge discovery. The purpose of this paper is to propose a technique for normalizing gene names in biomedical literature.

Design/methodology/approach
Under this proposal, the normalized forms can be characterized as a unique gene…

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical overview of sensitivity analyses within input-output techniques applied to energy-related CO₂ emissions. A classification of those applications is presented and their main advantages and disadvantages are discussed. It is argued that sensitivity analyses within input-output techniques are very relevant to obtain a “map” of …