Abstract. Gender issues have moved to the centre of electoral politics in many democracies, driven by feminist mobilization on one side and anti-gender backlash on the other. Yet we know relatively little about which specific gender-related attitudes shape vote choice and why some gender policies become electorally consequential while others do not. This paper addresses these questions through an analysis of the July 2023 Spanish general election, combining a post-election survey with systematic analysis of party messaging. We examine both the supply side (how parties positioned themselves on gender-related issues during the campaign) and the demand side (how voters' attitudes toward those issues relate to vote choice). Among a broad range of gender-relevant policies, opposition to trans rights and legal gender self-determination emerges as the only policy attitude significantly associated with vote choice, increasing support for the right-wing PP and the radical right Vox. Sympathy for the feminist movement as a general orientation is positively associated with voting for the left-wing coalition Sumar and negatively associated with right-wing voting. These findings suggest that gender can function as an electoral cleavage, but that its electoral relevance depends on the type of conflict a given policy activates rather than on its salience alone.