Chinchilla-Rodríguez, Z., Bu, Y., Robinson-García, N. Sugimoto, C.R. (2021) An empirical review of the different variants of the probabilistic affinity index as applied to scientific collaboration. Scientometrics

Abstract. Responsible indicators are crucial for research assessment and monitoring. Transparency and accuracy of indicators are required to make research assessment fair and ensure reproducibility. However, sometimes it is difficult to conduct or replicate studies based on indicators due to the lack of transparency in conceptualization and operationalization. In this paper, we review the different variants of the Probabilistic Affinity Index (PAI), considering both the conceptual and empirical underpinnings.