Abstract. Radical right nativist parties have gained ground across Europe in recent decades. However, a key unanswered question is how these parties adapt in contexts marked by the centre–periphery cleavage and competing national attachments. This paper addresses that question by examining the case of Catalonia and the emergence of Vox, a Spanish nationalist radical right party, and Aliança Catalana, a pro-independence, anti-immigration, and Catalan nationalist party.