Parrado, S., Perna, R., Closa, C. & Pereira-Puga, M. (2025). Regulatory approaches in the face of a pandemic: assessing the role of ideology, context, and rule design in four spanish regions

Abstract. Regulatory instruments to manage the COVID-19 pandemic have been the object of rich scholarly debates, primarily focused on early national responses to the crisis. We investigate variation in sub-national regulatory approaches when a crisis is normalized, its association with competing political ideas about the health-economy trade-off and the coercion-persuasion continuum, and the specificities of the socio-economic context to be regulated.