Pavone, V., Santiago-Gomez, E. & Jaquet-Chiffelle, D.O. (2016) A Systemic Approach to Security: Beyond the Tradeoff between Security and Liberty. Democracy and Security 12(4): 225-46

Abstract. The concept of security has shifted from territorial integrity to human security and, after 9/11, to pre-emptive security. Based on the massive implementation of surveillance-oriented security technologies (SOSTs), pre-emptive security emphasizes anticipation of threats and risk management. While liberty and security get framed as standing in a trade-off, SOSTs are massively deployed to increase security.